Temporal Trends in BMI Among Adults With Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Increasing obesity within the general population has been accompanied by rising rates of diabetes. The extent to which obesity has increased among people with diabetes is unknown, as are the potential consequences for diabetes outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Community medical records (hospital and ambulatory) of all Rochester, Minnesota, residents aged ≥30 years who first met standardized research criteria for diabetes from 1970 to 1989 (n = 1,306) were reviewed to obtain data on BMI and related characteristics as of the diabetes identification date (±3 months). Vital status as of 31 December 1999 and date of death for those who died were obtained from medical records, State of Minnesota death tapes, and active follow-up. RESULTS—As of the identification date, data on BMI were available for 1,290 cases. Of the 272 who first met diabetes criteria in 1970–1974, 33% were obese (BMI ≥30), including 5% who were extremely obese (BMI ≥40). These proportions increased to 49% (P < 0.001) and 9% (P = 0.012), respectively, for the 426 residents who first met diabetes criteria in 1985–1989. BMI increased significantly with increasing calendar year of diabetes identification in multivariable regression analysis. Analysis of survival revealed an increased hazard of mortality for BMI ≥41, relative to BMI of 23–25 (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity among individuals at the time they first met criteria for diabetes has increased over time. This is disturbing in light of the finding that diabetic individuals who are extremely obese are at increased risk of mortality compared with their nonobese diabetic counterparts.