Depression Treatment and Satisfaction in a Multicultural Sample of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To assess rates of depressive symptoms, depression treatment, and satisfaction in a multicultural sample of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was conducted with a cross-sectional community-based survey design. RESULTS—The sample (n = 221) was predominantly female (60.3%), had type 2 diabetes (75%), and was middle class with a mean (±SD) age of 54 ± 12 years. A total of 53% were white. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (mean 16.4 ± 11.3). Using conservative thresholds (CESD score ≥22), 25.3% of participants reported clinically significant depression. Rates of depression did not differ by ethnic group or diabetes type. The majority (76%) of depressed participants reported treatment (52% antidepressants, 63% mental health providers, 19% alternative healers, and 15% herbal remedies). African Americans were less likely to report any depression treatment, to receive antidepressant medications, or receive treatment from a mental health professional compared with whites. Participants with high depressive symptoms reported general satisfaction with depression treatment experiences. CONCLUSIONS—High rates of depressive symptoms were observed across ethnic groups, yet significant differences in use of depression treatment existed across ethnic groups. Those seeking depression treatment reported satisfaction with a variety of depression treatment modalities. Increased depression screening and treatment may be beneficial for ethnically diverse patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.