The Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved HbA1c and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Among White and Black ACCORD Participants

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype had no CAD benefit. The association between achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CAD for each Hp phenotype remains unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Achieved HbA1c was similar in each phenotype throughout the study. Prospectively collected HbA1c data (categorized as <6.0%, 6.0–6.5%, 6.6–6.9%, or ≥8.0% compared with 7.0–7.9%) from the ACCORD study, updated every 4 months over a median of 4.7 years, were analyzed in relation to CAD in the Hp2-2 (n = 3,322) and non–Hp2-2 (n = 5,949) phenotypes separately overall, and within White (63%, 37% Hp2-2) and Black (19%, 26% Hp2-2) participants using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariables. RESULTS Compared with HbA1c of 7.0–7.9%, having HbA1c ≥8.0% was associated with CAD risk among White (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.98) and Black (2.86, 1.09–7.51) participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, but not when all Hp2-2 participants were combined overall (1.30, 0.99–1.70), and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. HbA1c <7.0% was not associated with a lower risk of CAD for any Hp phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Achieving HbA1c >8.0% compared with 7.0–7.9% was consistently associated with incident CAD risk among White and Black ACCORD participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, while no association was observed among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. We found no evidence that HbA1c concentration <7.0% prevents CAD in either Hp phenotype group.