MODERN PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND EFFICIENT USE OF LAND OF THE CASPIAN LOWLAND

Abstract

The relevance and practical significance of the research was due to the fact that in the North-Western Caspian region, in recent decades, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, a generally unfavorable environmental and socio-economic situation has developed. Despite the existing theoretical and practical developments of rational nature management in the Caspian region, some scientific provisions and zonal recommendations for the efficient use of agricultural land require a new understanding. The results of scientific research and the accumulated production experience convince us that in the system of adaptive agriculture in arid regions, it is necessary, first of all, to scientifically substantiate the selection of the most drought-resistant and highly productive crops that use the natural resource potential efficiently. The basis of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia, as an agrarian subject of the Russian Federation, is agriculture with a highly developed animal husbandry with a specialization in beef cattle breeding and fine-wool sheep breeding. Further successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the context of an increasingly arid climate and the positioning of the republic as a promising region of Russia for the production of high-quality beef is only possible with the creation of a solid forage base on natural lands and arable lands. In the difficult ecological and economic conditions of the North-Western Caspian, one of the most acute problems is the increasing processes of land desertification, the preservation and reproduction of the fertility of zonal low-humus soil subtypes. For the successful functioning of the agro-industrial complex of Kalmykia, a comprehensive optimization of the water supply of the rural population, pasture animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture is necessary. A necessary condition for the successful development of agriculture in the region in the future is also a more complete information supply of domestic farmers with information about current trends in science and best practices, and the introduction of innovative research.