Prediction of Poststorage Cardiac Function From Cardioplegic Effluent in an Ex Vivo Porcine Heart Model

Author:

Kappler Benjamin1,van Tuijl Sjoerd2,van Laar Teus J.3,Pabittei Dara R.4,Buijsrogge Marc P.3,Stijnen Marco2,de Mol Bas A. J. M.5

Affiliation:

1. LifeTec Group B.V, 10-11, Kennedyplein, Eindhoven 5611 ZS, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Amsterdam, AMC Heart  Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands

2. LifeTec Group B.V, 10-11, Kennedyplein, Eindhoven 5611 ZS, The Netherlands

3. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands

4. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Amsterdam, AMC Heart Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

5. LifeTec Group B.V, 10-11, Kennedyplein, Eindhoven 5611 ZS, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Amsterdam, AMC Heart Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands

Abstract

Abstract The use of slaughterhouse-based hearts has advantages over hearts obtained from laboratory animals for preclinical testing. However, slaughterhouse hearts have greater variability in cardiac function; this has resulted in a dispute over their actual reproducibility. This study explores the feasibility of examining the cardioplegic effluent during hypothermic cardiac arrest for the presence of biomarkers to predict poststorage heart function of slaughterhouse hearts. This may enable proactive measures to optimize preservation strategies and improve the initial cardiac performance of slaughterhouse heart experiments. Slaughterhouse pig hearts (n = 9; 420 ± 30 g) were arrested and flushed with an additional liter cardioplegia after 1 h. Effluent samples were examined for ammonia, lactate, troponin, and inorganic phosphate. After 2 h, hearts were hemoreperfused in the ex vivo heart platform PhysioHeart™ to restore physiological cardiac functions and to identify correlations between biomarkers and cardiac output. There was a negative correlation between cardiac output of revived hearts and levels of ammonia (r = −0.865; p = 0.002) and lactate (r = −0.763; p = 0.01). No correlation was found between cardiac output and levels of phosphate (r = −0.553; p = 0.12) and troponin (r = −0.367; p = 0.331). The analysis approach to assess cardioplegic biomarkers was feasible and enabled the estimation of the effectiveness of organ protection and cardiac function before reperfusion. Ammonia is a predictor for cardiac dysfunction. Effluent analysis prior to heart revival can uncover poststorage cardiac dysfunction in isolated hearts and may prevent failed experiments while improving reproducibility and standardization.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

Reference35 articles.

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