Affiliation:
1. Department of Mechanical, Material, and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology , 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616
2. Illinois Institute of Technology
Abstract
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to optimal control utilizing a Koopman operator integrated with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to enhance the thermal management and power output efficiency of an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. First, a linear time-invariant dynamic model was derived through Koopman operator to forecast the behavior of the PEMFC stack. Second, this Koopman-based model was directly integrated with LQR for optimizing temperature, temperature variations, and output power efficiency of the PEMFC stack by regulating fan speed, with a physics-based model serving as the plant model. Finally, the performance of the Koopman-based LQRs (KLQR) was compared to a baseline proportional-integral (PI) controller across various ambient temperatures and operating conditions, focusing on temperature, temperature variations, and net power output. The results demonstrate the proposed Koopman-based approach can be seamless integration with linear optimal control algorithms, effectively minimizing temperature, temperature variations across the PEMFC stack, and the net power outputs under different ambient temperature and operating conditions.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Reference33 articles.
1. EPA,
2023, “Overview of Greenhouse Gases,” EPA, Washington, DC, accessed 1 Mar. 2023, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases
2. The Impact of Fuel and Injection Strategy on Combustion Characteristics, Emissions and Efficiency in Gasoline Compression Ignition Operation;Fuel,2022
3. Replicating HCCI-Like Autoignition Behavior: What Gasoline Surrogate Fidelity is Needed?;Appl. Energy Combust. Sci.,2022
4. Atomization Performance of a Simplex Spray Through X-Ray Scattering Tomography,2023
5. X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging and Radiography of Pressure-Swirl Atomizing Sprays in a Crossflow,2023