A Cavity Activation and Bubble Growth Model of the Leidenfrost Point
Author:
Bernardin John D.1, Mudawar Issam1
Affiliation:
1. Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Abstract
This study presents a new mechanistic model of the Leidenfrost point (LFP); the minimum liquid/solid interface temperature required to support film boiling on a smooth surface. The model is structured around bubble nucleation, growth, and merging criteria, as well as surface cavity size characterization. It is postulated that for liquid/solid interface temperatures at and above the LFP, a sufficient number of cavities (about 20 percent) are activated and the bubble growth rates are sufficiently fast that a continuous vapor layer is established nearly instantaneously between the liquid and the solid. The model is applicable to both pools of liquid and sessile droplets. The effect of surface cavity distribution on the LFP predicted by the model is verified for boiling on aluminum, nickel and silver surfaces, as well as on a liquid gallium surface. The model exhibits good agreement with experimental sessile droplet data for water, FC-72, and acetone. While the model was developed for smooth surfaces on which the roughness asperities are of the same magnitude as the cavity radii (0.1–1.0 μm), it is capable of predicting the boundary or limiting Leidenfrost temperature for rougher surfaces with good accuracy.
Publisher
ASME International
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science
Reference30 articles.
1. Bernardin, J. D., and Mudawar, I., 1995, “Validation of the Quench Factor Technique in Predicting Hardness in Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 38, pp. 863–873. 2. Bernardin, J. D., and Mudawar, I., 1999, “The Leidenfrost Point: Experimental Study and Assessment of Existing Models,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 121, pp. 894–903. 3. Clark, H. B., Strenge, P. S., and Westwater, J. W., 1959, “Active Sites for Nucleate Boiling,” Chem. Eng. Prog., Symp. Ser., 55, pp. 103–110. 4. Gaertner, R. F., and Westwater, J. W., 1959, “Population of Active Sites in Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer,” Chem. Eng. Prog., Symp. Ser., 55, pp. 39–48. 5. Kurihara, H. M., and Myers, J. E., 1960, “The Effects of Superheat and Surface Roughness on Boiling Coefficients,” AIChE J., 6, pp. 83–91.
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