Marine Climate Projections Toward the End of the Twenty-First Century in the North Atlantic

Abstract

Abstract An improved understanding of the present and future marine climatology is necessary for numerous activities, such as the operation of offshore structures, optimization of ship routes, and evaluation of wave energy resources. To produce global wave information, the WAVEWATCH III wave model was forced with wind and ice-cover data from an RCP8.5 EC-Earth system integration for two 30-year time slices. The first covering the periods from 1980 to 2009 represents the present climate, and the second, covering the periods from 2070 to 2099, represents the climate at the end of the twenty-first century. Descriptive empirical statistics of wind and wave parameters are obtained for different 30-year time slices, for the North Atlantic Ocean. Regarding wind, magnitude and direction will be used. For wave, significant wave height of the total sea, mean wave period, peak period, mean wave direction, and energy will be investigated. Changes from present to future climate are evaluated, regarding both mean and extreme events. Maps of these empirical statistics are presented. The long-term monthly joint distribution of significant wave heights and peak periods is generated. Changes from present to future climate are assessed, comparing the empirical statistics between time slices.