1. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;
2. Department of Automotive Engineering, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China;
3. Advanced Vehicle Research Center, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
4. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
5. Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;
6. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;
7. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
8. Battery Business Unit, Great Wall Motor Company Limited, Baoding, 071000, China
9. Advanced Vehicle Research Center, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China e-mail:
10. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 e-mail:
11. State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China