Mode I and II Interlaminar Fracture in Laminated Composites: A Size Effect Study

Abstract

This work investigates the mode I and II interlaminar fracturing behavior of laminated composites and the related size effects. Fracture tests on geometrically scaled double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notch flexure (ENF) specimens were conducted. The results show a significant difference between the mode I and mode II fracturing behaviors. The strength of the DCB specimens scales according to the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), whereas ENF specimens show a different behavior. For ENF tests, small specimens exhibit a pronounced pseudoductility. In contrast, larger specimens behave in a more brittle way, with the size effect on nominal strength closer to that predicted by LEFM. This transition from quasi-ductile to brittle behavior is associated with the size of the fracture process zone (FPZ), which is not negligible compared with the specimen size. For the size range investigated in this study, the nonlinear effects of the FPZ can lead to an underestimation of the fracture energy by as much as 55%. Both the mode I and II test data can be captured very accurately by the Bažant’s type II size effect law (SEL).