Direct effect of ultra diluted ethanolic extract of Apis mellifica on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Gallus gallus domesticus embryo model

Abstract

Urinary tract infection and other infections caused by multi-drug resistance strains have increased significantly, creating a need to investigate alternative medicine for therapeutic purposes. Our aim is to determine whether Apis mellifica 6C (an alternative ultra-diluted medicine) can counteract the detrimental impact of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli MDR and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in Gallus gallus domesticus embryos with regard to their morbid anatomical changes and cytokine alterations. Anti-microbial activity of Apis mellifica 6C against the ATCC and MDR strains was examined by Agar Disc Diffusion method. The bacterial strains were inoculated on 15th day embryonated chick egg model and the alteration in cytokine gene expressions (IL-10 and IFN-γ) was examined by RT PCR method. In disc diffusion method, Apis mellifica induced zone of inhibition which was prominent in case of all mentioned bacteria. In case of embryo model, the most notable finding is that after being challenged with Apis mellifica 6C, the IFN-γ and IL-10 gene expression of E. coli ATCC, MDR E. coli and S. aureus ATCC were all remarkably decreased than the control set. Similar interesting outcomes were also found in the morbid anatomy of the chick embryo. In cases of urinary tract infection and other infections, Apis mellifica 6C appears to be efficient and beneficial.