Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugeniae: A Toxicological Study

Abstract

The increasing use of nanotechnology means that nanomaterials will inevitably enter the environment. Eco-toxicological data are therefore required so that adequate risk assessments can be carried out. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit greater reactivity as their sizes, less than 100nm size, are so small that their surface area is larger. The NPs can intrude into human body more easily and are more toxic than bulk material due to increased reactivity to cells in the body. Further, investigations on the ecotoxicology of NPs have also been conducted, aiming to assess NP’s harmful effects to the ecosystem. NPs of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in sun care products as well as in self-cleaning coatings. During the life cycle of these commercial products, NPs may be released into the environment and become a threat to ecosystems. Particularly, TiO2 NPs have been shown to have toxic effects and can inhibit the growth of essential soil microorganisms. This study focused on the toxicological and histopathological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugenia, aiming to shed light on the potential hazards posed by nanoparticles to soil organisms. This study assessed the toxicity, biomass change, cocoon production and mortality rate of earthworms under various concentrations of titanium dioxide. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles could lead to sublethal effects on earthworm survival and reproduction and the nanoparticles were accumulated in earthworm tissues. The study emphasized the need to consider nanoparticle interactions with soil organisms.