Predicting tunnelling-induced ground movements and interpreting field measurements using numerical analysis: Crossrail case study at Hyde Park

Abstract

Ground response to the construction of the Crossrail tunnels in London Clay beneath Hyde Park has been modelled numerically using advanced finite-element analyses. The soil model used for modelling the London Clay was a kinematic hardening soil model (named M2-SKH). This model, when used for the St James's Park greenfield site, provided excellent predictions of tunnelling-induced ground movements. Comparison of the results from the analysis of the Hyde Park greenfield site with associated field monitoring data also suggests excellent predictions, even though in this case the tunnels were: of larger diameter; deeper in the London Clay; and constructed with earth-pressure-balance machines. The influence of lining permeability was found to influence significantly short- and longer-term predictions. Interpretation of the predicted surface and subsurface vertical and horizontal displacements due to the construction of the Crossrail tunnels exemplifies how numerical analysis can assist in explaining and identifying potential ambiguities in field measurements.