Indian and Chinese Engagement in UN Complex Peacekeeping Operations: A Comparative Perspective

Abstract

There were great differences between Indian and Chinese positions on the UN peacekeeping operations during the Cold War. India played a pioneering role both in the conceptualisation and consolidation of the peacekeeping mechanism. On the other hand, China vehemently opposed the UN peacekeeping operation as a tool of imperialism even after joining the United Nations in 1971. Both India and China are apprehensive of motivation of the Western enthusiasm for complex peacekeeping operations of the post-Cold War and both expressed strong reservation on number of issues arising from them. As they do not want to be marginalised hence, despite their reservations, they individually participated actively in the operations with the intention of making a difference through participation. The differences in their participation are partly due to vast experience and confidence of India and partly due to hesitancy of China to engage in new terrain. They have taken similar positions to strengthen UN peacekeeping such as advocating for stronger financial resources, participation of the troop contributing countries in the decision-making process, favouring standby forces, opposing a selective approach and effective training of peacekeepers. Their participation in peacekeeping operations is no longer just a means to prevent Western powers from misusing peacekeeping operations. Different motives and incentives appear to be driving India and China’s participation in the peacekeeping operations.