Cerumen Management: An Updated Clinical Review and Evidence-Based Approach for Primary Care Physicians

Abstract

Objective: To provide family physicians with a practical, evidence-based approach to managing patients with cerumen impaction. Methods: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and the Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) database were searched for English-language cerumen impaction guidelines and reviews. All such articles published between 1992 and 2018 were reviewed, with most providing level II and III evidence. Results: Cerumen impaction is a common presentation seen in primary care and cerumen removal is one of the most common otolaryngologic procedures performed in general practice. Cerumen impaction is often harmless but can be accompanied by more serious symptoms. Cerumenolytics and irrigation of the ear canal are reasonable first-line therapies and can be used in conjunction or isolation. If irrigation and cerumenolytics are contraindicated, manual removal is appropriate, but the tools necessary are not commonplace in primary care clinics and specialized training may be required to prevent adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Family physicians play a key role in the assessment and management of cerumen impaction and are well equipped to do so. Knowledge of the available techniques for cerumen removal as well as their contraindications ensures that cerumen is removed safely and effectively. When cerumen removal cannot be removed safely in a primary care setting, referral to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery is appropriate.