Nurses’ Rest Breaks and Fatigue: The Roles of Psychological Detachment and Workload

Abstract

Background: Rest breaks have been shown to reduce acute fatigue, yet not all nurses who take rest breaks report lower fatigue. Psychological detachment—letting go of work-related thoughts—during rest breaks and workload may be key factors in explaining this phenomenon. Objective: To examine the mediating role of psychological detachment during rest breaks and determine how workload moderated that pathway to lower acute fatigue among hospital nurses. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 1861 12-hour shift nurses who answered an online survey between July and September 2021. The survey included measures of occupational fatigue, psychological detachment from work, workload, and questions on breaks, work, health, and demographics. Structural equation modeling was used in Mplus 8.9 software to estimate the direct and indirect effects of rest breaks on acute fatigue at 3 levels of workload. Results: Nurses, on average, reported high acute fatigue, rarely experienced psychological detachment during rest breaks, and reported heavy workloads. Around 60% were able to sit down for a break on their last shift but with patient-care responsibilities. The relationship between taking a rest break and acute fatigue was fully mediated by psychological detachment from work. However, this relationship only held in the context of manageable workloads. Conclusion: Our findings showed that within-shift recovery is possible when nurses can psychologically detach from work during rest breaks. However, this within-shift recovery mechanism was disrupted for nurses with heavy workloads.