Diagnostic and classification tools for chronic headache disorders: A systematic review

Author:

Potter Rachel1,Probyn Katrin2,Bernstein Celia1,Pincus Tamar2,Underwood Martin1,Matharu Manjit3

Affiliation:

1. Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

2. Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, UK

3. Headache Group, Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK

Abstract

Background or aim Despite guidelines and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta) criteria, the diagnosis of common chronic headache disorders can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. The aim of the review was to identify headache classification tools that could be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic disorders in primary care. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of studies validating diagnostic and classification headache tools published between Jan 1988 and June 2016 from key databases: MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO. Quality assessment was assessed using items of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Results The search identified 38 papers reporting the validation of 30 tools designed to diagnose, classify or screen for headache disorders; nine for multiple headache types, and 21 for one headache type only. We did not identify a tool validated in a primary care that can be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic headache disorders and screen for primary headaches other than migraine and tension-type headache in primary care. Conclusions Despite the availability of many headache classification tools we propose the need for a tool that could support primary care clinicians in diagnosing and managing chronic headache disorders within primary care, and allow more targeted referral to headache specialists.

Funder

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Neurology,General Medicine

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