Epidemiological drivers of mother to child HIV transmission in West Bengal, India: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background HIV transmission through vertical route can be reduced to a large extent with combination of medical interventions. Apart from maternal HIV status several other epidemiological attributes determine this transmission dynamics. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify various associated factors that determine and modify the risk of HIV transmission from a mother living with HIV to her child. Materials and method: A retrospective cohort-study was conducted with 518 HIV-positive pregnant women with delivering live babies between April 2016 – September 2018. The HIV status of the children was ascertained with polymerase chain reaction. A number of socio-demographic and medical attributes were compared between HIV-positive (41) and HIV-negative babies (477) using bivariate and multivariate methods to identify disease modifying factors. Results Maternal HIV detection during the postnatal period (AOR = 11.2; 5.2 – 23.8), low birth weight (AOR = 2.7; 1.2 – 5.9), and vaginal delivery (AOR = 2.8; 1.01 – 7.7) were significantly associated with vertical transmission of HIV. Lower duration of maternal antiretroviral treatment and higher maternal age (>25 years) were also associated in bivariate analysis. Conclusion The battery of PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission) interventions should be tailored in such a way to address all the epidemiological attributes influencing vertical transmission.