Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: Epidemiology, etiology, and natural history

Author:

Turati Marco1234ORCID,Anghilieri Filippo Maria5,Bigoni Marco126,Rigamonti Luca6,Tercier Stephane7ORCID,Nicolaou Nicolas8,Accadbled Franck9

Affiliation:

1. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

2. Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca - Hospital Couple Enfant, Monza (Italy), Grenoble, France

3. Orthopedic Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy

4. Department of Paediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfant, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France

5. Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

6. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Policlinico San Pietro, Ponte San Pietro, Italy

7. Department of Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

8. Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

9. Department of Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France

Abstract

Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is a disease that typically affects skeletally immature patients. Clinically manifested with knee pain, limping, and joint disfunction, this condition has remained misunderstood and undervalued for a long period. Although being a rare condition, its awareness is of utmost clinical interest because of the possible severe consequences it can bring when misrecognized or inadequately treated. Its etiology remains unclear and is still debated. Many theories have been proposed, including inflammation, local ischemia, subchondral ossification abnormalities, genetic factors, and repetitive mechanical microtrauma, with a likely interplay of the same. This review article aims to deliver and discuss current and up-to-date concepts on epidemiology, etiology, and natural history of this pediatric condition. Level of evidence: level V.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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