Drug-Drug interaction among admitted patients at primary, district and referral hospitals’ medical wards in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the type, prevalence, characteristics of drug interaction and factors associated from admitted patients in medical wards at primary, district and referral hospitals in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among admitted patients in medical wards at different hospitals of East Gojjam Zone from September 2019 to February 2020. Patient-specific data were extracted from patient medical prescription papers using a structured data collection tool. Potential drug–drug interaction was identified using www.drugs.com as drug–drug interaction checker. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. To identify the explanatory predictors of potential drug–drug interaction, logistic regression analysis was done at a statistical significance level of p-value < 0.05. Results: Of the total 554 prescriptions, 51.1% were prescribed for females with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 40.85 ± 23.09 years. About 46.4% prescriptions of patients had one or more comorbid conditions, and the most frequent identified comorbid conditions were infectious (18.6%) and cardiac problems (6.3%) with 0.46 ± 0.499 average number of comorbid conditions per patient. Totally, 1516 drugs were prescribed with 2.74 ± 0.848 mean number per patient and range of 2–6. Two hundred and forty-two (43.7%) prescriptions had at least one potential drug–drug interaction, and it was found that 292 drug interactions were presented. Almost half of the drug–drug interaction identified was moderate (50%). Overall, the prevalence rate of drug–drug interaction was 43.7%. Older age (adjusted odds ratio = 8.301; 95% confidence interval (5.51–12.4), p = 0.000), presence of comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval (1.10–2.68), p = 0.000) and number of medications greater or equal to 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (1.42–5.11), p = 0.000) were independent predictors for the occurrence of potential drug–drug interaction. Conclusion: The prevalence of potential drug–drug interaction among admitted patients was relatively high. Pharmacodynamic drug–drug interaction was the common mechanism of drug–drug interaction with moderate degree. Therefore, close follow-up of hospitalized patients is highly recommended.