Polyspikes and Rhythmic Polyspikes During Volatile Induction of General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Result in Bispectral Index Variations

Abstract

Background Although electroencephalography (EEG)-based indices may show artifactual values, raw EEG signal is seldom used to monitor the depth of volatile induction of general anesthesia (VIGA). The current analysis aimed to identify whether bispectral index (BIS) variations reliably reflect the actual depth of general anesthesia during presence of different types of epileptiform patterns (EPs) in EEGs during induction of general anesthesia. Methods Sixty patients receiving either VIGA with sevoflurane using increasing concentrations (group VIMA) or vital capacity (group VCRII) technique or intravenous single dose of propofol (group PROP) were included. Monitoring included facial electromyography (fEMG), fraction of inspired sevoflurane (FiAA), fraction of expired sevoflurane (FeAA), minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane, BIS, standard EEG, and hemodynamic parameters. Results In the PROP group no EPs were observed. During different stages of VIGA with sevoflurane in the VIMA and VCRII groups, presence of polyspikes and rhythmic polyspikes in patients’ EEGs resulted in artifactual BIS values indicating a false awareness/wakefulness from anesthesia, despite no concomitant change of FiAA, FeAA, and MAC of sevoflurane. Periodic epileptiform discharges did not result in aberrant BIS values. Conclusion Our results suggest that raw EEG correlate it with values of BIS, FiAA, FeAA, and MAC of sevoflurane during VIGA. It seems that because artifactual BIS values indicating false awareness/wakefulness as a result of presence of polyspikes and rhythmic polyspikes in patients’ EEGs may be misleading to an anesthesiologist, leading to unintentional administration of toxic concentration of sevoflurane in ventilation gas.