The Youngest Vegetarians

Author:

Mangels Reed12,Driggers Julia12

Affiliation:

1. Vegetarian Resource Group, Baltimore, Maryland, and the Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts (RM)

2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (JD)

Abstract

As the popularity of vegetarian diets increases, practitioners are likely to encounter vegetarian infants and toddlers. Vegetarian and vegan diets can be developed to meet nutrient needs and support growth of infants and toddlers. Key nutrients whose adequacy should be monitored in vegetarian/vegan diets include vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. As for all infants, for the first 4 to 6 months, vegetarian infants should solely receive breast milk or a commercial infant formula. Fortified infant cereal or firm tofu is an appropriate first complementary food. Either of these, along with breast milk or formula, can meet needs for protein, iron, and zinc. Additional foods are introduced with timing similar to that for nonvegetarians. A variety of nutrient-dense foods should be introduced by 1 year of age. Fortified soy or cow’s milk should be the primary beverage postweaning. Growth should be monitored, and toddlers should be served a diet that includes high-calorie, low-fiber foods if growth appears to be faltering. Practitioners can play important roles in assessing the growth of vegetarian infants and toddlers, helping families make appropriate feeding choices, evaluating the need for supplements, and assisting with planning meals that will meet the needs of infants and toddlers.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Food Science,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Cited by 6 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in Child Nutrition;Foods;2023-04-06

2. Programming long-term health: Nutrition and diet in infants aged 6 months to 1 year;Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health;2022

3. Vegetarian and Vegan Weaning of the Infant: How Common and How Evidence-Based? A Population-Based Survey and Narrative Review;International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health;2020-07-05

4. Is vegan feeding advisable in first childhood?;OA Journal of Food and Nutrition;2019-05-03

5. Rethinking Red Meat as a Prevention Strategy for Iron Deficiency;ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition;2013-06-04

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