Routine Placement of Temporary Epicardial Pacing Leads Is Not Required After Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement

Abstract

Objective Our objective is to identify the incidence of urgent transvenous (TV) pacing wire placement following minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-AVR). Methods This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study including 359 individuals who underwent isolated mini-AVR through right anterior mini-thoracotomy between January 2015 and September 2019. Patients were grouped according to avoidance or insertion of epicardial pacing wires, and further subdivided based on the requirement for postoperative emergent temporary TV pacing or permanent pacemaker (PPM) placement during the index admission. Results Two hundred forty-two (67.4%) had acceptable rate and no high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block prior to chest closure and did not have insertion of epicardial pacing wires. Of those patients, only 3 (1.2%) required emergent TV pacing and 6 (2.5%) required nonemergent TV pacing with or without PPM placement during the index admission. Sixty-two (17.3%) patients received only atrial epicardial pacing leads secondary to sinus bradycardia or junctional rhythm and 3 (4.8%) of those patients required PPM placement due to sick sinus syndrome and 1 (1.6%) patient required nonemergent TV pacing and PPM due to high-grade AV heart block. Fifty-five (15.3%) patients received ventricular leads due to high-grade AV heart block and 7 (12.7%) of those patients required PPM placement during the index admission. Conclusions Temporary epicardial lead insertion is not routinely required in mini-AVR in patients with normal rate and acceptable AV conduction prior to chest closure. In the absence of epicardial ventricular lead insertion, the chance of requiring urgent TV pacing wire placement during the index admission is 0.99%.