Individualization of Teaching and Learning: Where Have We Been; Where are We Going?

Abstract

This article briefly reviews the history of approaches to the individualization of instruction, from earlier “system-controlled” methodologies to the current multimedia/hypermedia-based “learner-controlled” approaches. Some of the reasons for the general failure of earlier approaches are analyzed. This leads to the general conclusion that there is no guarantee that the new approaches will be successful, and that several key areas of research and development require attention. The article concludes with a review of current research on one aspect of the suggested agenda - the support of computer-based learning exercises by means of electronic networking, to create a form of “virtual group discussion” environment capable of supporting individual learners with intelligent, constructive feedback and guidance.