The Relationship of Family and School Environments with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Jordanian Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among adolescents. The role of impaired family and school environments in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordan has yet to be established. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association of family and school environments with the depression, anxiety, and stress of adolescents in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional correlational survey was used. A sample of 220 adolescents aged 12–18 years completed the study. Data were collected about family and school environments and adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. Results School climate had a strong significant relationship with both general family functioning ( r = .53, p < 0.01) and family process ( r  = .58, p  < 0.01). General family functioning and school climate were uniquely associated with stress, anxiety, and depression ( Β = −.280 or higher), p < 0.05, controlling for demographics. Conclusion The general family functioning and overall school climate were shown to play important role in adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and stress. School nurses and psychiatric nurses may want to respond to the needs of adolescents with depression, anxiety, and stress through campaigns, lectures, and conferences and encourage them to access professional psychological counseling.