Multi-objective optimization of friction welding parameters in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel and copper joints

Abstract

Friction welding is a solid-state joining technique, and joining of dissimilar materials has been witnessing tremendous development in various applications. In this study, friction welding is carried out in dissimilar materials, austenitic stainless steel and copper, which find application in power generators. The parameters such as friction pressure, upset pressure, rotational speed and burn-off length are considered to determine its influence on tensile strength, metal loss and weld time. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array is used for experimental design to maximize the tensile strength as well as minimize the metal loss and weld time. Optimal parameters are determined through multiple performance characteristics, and it is found that friction pressure of 22 MPa, upset pressure of 108 MPa, rotational speed of 500 r/min and burn-off length of 1 mm yield good mechanical and metallurgical properties.