A case series of the Royal Perth Hospital cannula-first approach in the ‘can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate’ scenario

Abstract

At the Royal Perth Hospital, we have been developing and teaching a can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate (CICO) rescue algorithm for over 19 years, based on live animal simulation. The algorithm involves a ‘cannula-first’ approach, with jet oxygenation and progression to scalpel techniques if required in a stepwise fashion. There is little reported experience of this approach to the CICO scenario in humans. We present eight cases in which a cannula-first Royal Perth Hospital approach was successfully implemented during an airway crisis. We recommend that institutions teach and practice this approach; we believe it is effective, safe and minimally invasive when undertaken by clinicians who have been trained in it and have immediate access to the requisite equipment. The equipment is low cost, comprising a 14G Insyte cannula, saline, 5 ml syringe and a Rapid-O2. Training can be provided using low-fidelity manikins or part-task trainers.