Clavicle fractures

Abstract

Clavicular fractures represent 2.6—5% of all fractures, with middle third fractures being the commonest. The shape of the clavicle bone is such that it has a flat medial and lateral expanses, linked by a thin, tubular middle. This central transitional area represents a weak link in clavicular structure, which is not protected by or reinforced with muscle or ligamentous attachments, therefore rendering it prone to fracture. Due to the subcutaneous position of the clavicle, there is an inherent susceptibility to direct injury. These fractures are easy to diagnose due to the presence of swelling and bruising present. Radiographical examination should include an anteroposterior and a 45° caudal tilt view. Optimal treatment in undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures is with a sling. In displaced or comminuted fractures the risk of non-union and poor functional outcome may be markedly higher and may be best treated with surgical fixation.