Quality Control and Multi-targeted Therapeutic Approach of Nyctanthes arbor-tristris for Management of Hepatic Disease and Associated Complications

Abstract

Background Medicinal plants standardization is more concerning for its regulatory aspects based on safety, quality, and efficacy. Nyctanthes arbor-tristris is an Indian-origin medicinal plant that is used for numerous acute and chronic diseases. Due to the lack of an ethnopharmacological perspective based on biomolecular mechanisms, this study is associated to explore quality-based standardization and biomolecular mechanism of Nyctanthes arbor-tristris phytochemicals as a therapeutic application regimen in liver disease and associated complications. Materials and Methods 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and iron chelating effect of prepared extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristris was examined for antioxidant effect. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted to unravel metabolites of Nyctanthes arbor-tristris. Network pharmacology as well as insilico docking analysis were performed to examine molecular interaction of ligands and targeted genes that regulate liver malfunction. Results The results revealed that Nyctanthes arbor-tristris significantly ( p < 0.05) scavenge DPPH free radicals and iron chelating effect and thus exhibited an antioxidant effect. HPTLC and LC–MS analysis showed several major and minor metabolites Nyctanthes arbor-tristris the content of naringenin, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid was found to be 1.662 ± 0.027, 4.411 ± 0.201, and 4.846 ± 0.154, respectively. Network pharmacology and insilico docking analysis revealed the multi-targeted therapeutic effect of metabolites identified in Nyctanthes arbor-tristris against liver disease and associated pathophysiology’s via regulation in the expression of several genes such as nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (ILs), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and serum aminotransferase. Conclusion The study concludes that Nyctanthes arbor-tristris play a multi-mechanistic and therapeutic action against liver-associated distortion and functional inability against oxidative and inflammatory stress, hepatocytes fibrosis, and apoptosis.