1. Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK
2. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences. Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
3. Population Health Research Institute, St George’s University of London, UK
4. Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
5. School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK