Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines

Author:

Ziobro Julie1ORCID,Pilon Betsy2,Wusthoff Courtney J.34ORCID,Benedetti Giulia M.1,Massey Shavonne L.56,Yozawitz Elissa7,Numis Adam L.89ORCID,Pressler Ronit10,Shellhaas Renée A.11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

2. Hope for HIE, West Bloomfield, MI, USA

3. Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

4. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

5. Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

6. Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

7. Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

8. Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

9. Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

10. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

11. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

Abstract

Neonates are susceptible to seizures due to their unique physiology and combination of risks associated with gestation, delivery, and the immediate postnatal period. Advances in neonatal care have improved outcomes for some of our most fragile patients, but there are persistent challenges for epileptologists in identifying neonatal seizures, diagnosing etiologies, and providing the most appropriate care, with an ultimate goal to maximize patient outcomes. In just the last few years, there have been critical advances in the state of the science, as well as new evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, classification, and treatment of neonatal seizures. This review will provide updated knowledge about the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures, classification of the provoked seizures and neonatal epilepsies, state of the art guidance on EEG monitoring in the neonatal ICU, current treatment guidelines for neonatal seizures, and potential for future advancement in treatment.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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