Light and ultrastructural study in the propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid rat heart ventricles and the ameliorating role of folic acid

Abstract

Thyroid hormones have marked effects on the growth, development, and metabolic function of virtually all organs and tissues. Thyroid status is an important determinant of cardiovascular function. The present work studied the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the hypothyroid rat left ventricle at post-pubertal stage, in addition to the ameliorating role of folic acid. A total of 50 male albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (group I, control; group II, folic acid; group III, propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats; group IV, co-treatment with folic acid; group V, post-treatment). In order to ensure the hypothyroid state, the level of serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) through the dose period was regularly determined. The TSH levels were significantly higher while T3 levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid rats when compared to control group. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed an increase in homocysteine (Hcy) in the hypothyroid rats group when compared to the control group. The histopathological studies of the ventricle in hypothyroid rats revealed hydrophobic changes in myofibrillar structure with striations, myocardial atrophy, nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic eosinophilia. Transmission electron micrographs in the myocardium of hypothyroid rats revealed a marked reduction in muscle fibre mass, a marked degeneration of muscle fibres, swollen mitochondria, dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum and more prominent perinuclear oedema observed in the cardiac myocytes. In co-treated hypothyroid rats with folic acid, a regular arrangement of muscle fibres, mild swelling of myofibrillar structure with striations and no continuity with adjacent myofibrils were observed while the post-treated hypothyroid rat with folic acid showed normal architecture of myofibrillar structure with striations and continuity with adjacent myofibrils. In conclusion, our results indicated that folic acid had ameliorative effect against cardiac damage induced by 6- n-propyl-2-thiouracil and the best results were found in case of using the folic acid as an adjuvant therapy after returning to the euthyroid state.