Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants: A Survey of Contemporary Practice Trends (ReACT)

Abstract

This study evaluated practice patterns and factors influencing treatment decisions regarding urgent or emergent reversal of oral anticoagulants (OACs). A 30-question survey was electronically distributed to anticoagulation members of the Anticoagulation Forum. Questions were designed to capture practice trends in the reversal of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and factor IIa inhibitors. Continuous and categorical data were analyzed to generate descriptive statistics. Open-ended questions were summarized by thematic categories. 173 responses were collected most from US-based pharmacists with direct patient care responsibilities. The majority of the respondents’ institutions (90.2%) utilized a guideline or protocol for OACs reversal. Vitamin K (91.3%), activated charcoal (80.4%), and fresh frozen plasma (72.8%) were the most common reversal agents on formulary without restrictions. Most institutions (87.0%) reported having 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and idarucizumab on formulary, but most commonly (52.2%) with restrictions. Andexanet alfa was only reported on formulary at 35.9% of institutions. In contrast to current guideline recommendations, vitamin K (98.8%) was preferred over 4F-PCC and 4F-PCC (71.6%) was preferred over andexanet alfa as first-line agents used to reverse warfarin and factor Xa inhibitors, respectively. Weight-based dosing strategies for 4F-PCC were commonly utilized for different reversals (41.2%-59.4%). Cost, efficacy, and safety of 4F-PCC were identified as top facilitators and barriers for 4F-PCC adoption in practice. Our findings revealed that guideline recommendations for reversal of warfarin and factor Xa and IIa inhibitors are not followed by a majority of institutions. Studies are needed to investigate strategies to overcome barriers for implementing and following guideline recommendations.