Contrast reflux into the inferior vena cava on computer tomographic pulmonary angiography is a predictor of 24-hour and 30-day mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Author:

Bailis Nikolaos1,Lerche Marianne2,Meyer Hans Jonas1,Wienke Andreas3,Surov Alexey1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

3. Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany

Abstract

Background Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease with a high mortality. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) represents the current gold standard for the evaluation of patients with suspected PE. Purpose To search possible CTPA predictors of 24-h and 30-day mortality in PE. Material and Methods Overall, 224 patients with PE (46.4% women, mean age 64.7 ± 16.7 years) were acquired. CTPA was performed on a multi-slice CT scanner. The following radiological parameters were estimated: thrombotic obstruction index; diameter of the pulmonary trunk (mm); short axis ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle; diameter of the azygos vein (mm); diameter of the superior and inferior vena cava (mm); and reflux of contrast medium into the inferior vena cava (IVC). Results Patients who died within the first 24 h after admission (n = 32, 14.3%) showed a reflux grade 3 into IVC more often than survivors (odds ratio [OR] 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–17.7; P < 0.001). Other relevant CTPA parameters were diameter of IVC (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.21; P = 0.034) and diameter of the pulmonary trunk (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82–1.01, P = 0.074), whereas the Mastora score showed nearly no influence (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.02, P = 0.406). Furthermore, 61 (27.2%) patients died within the first 30 days after admission. These patients showed a reflux grade 3 into IVC more often than survivors (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7–7.0; P = 0.001). Other CTPA parameters, such as diameter of IVC (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97–1.12; P = 0.277) and diameter of the pulmonary trunk (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.89–1.04; P = 0.291), seem to have no relevant influence, whereas Mastora score did (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.976–0.999, P = 0.045). Conclusion Subhepatic contrast reflux into IVC is a strong predictor of 24-h and 30-day mortality in patients with acute PE.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,General Medicine,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology

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