The Effect of Graduated Compression Stockings on Lower Limb Venous Haemodynamics

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the effect of four types of thigh-length graduated compression stockings (GCS) on lower limb venous blood flow using strain-gauge Plethysmography (SGP). Design: A randomized controlled study. Setting: Inpatient Orthopaedic Centre. Patients: 200 preoperative patients admitted for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Interventions: Patients were randomized to five groups to wear one of four types of GCS or no stocking (control). Resting venous flow parameters were measured prior to application of GCS and after 20 min bed rest with the stockings in situ. Main outcome measures: Effects on resting venous capacitance (Vc) and venous outflow (Vo). Results: In the control group 20 min bed rest had no effect on the parameters studied. Both Vc and Vo were significantly increased ( p<0.001) in all the groups wearing stockings. There was a significant variation in the changes in outflow produced by the different stocking types ( p<0.05). Conclusions: GCS have a beneficial effect on lower limb venous outflow, preventing venous stasis, an important factor in the development of deep venous thrombosis. This effect varies depending on which type of stocking is used.