Exertional Heat Illness Among Secondary School Athletes

Abstract

Exertional heat illness (EHI) is a leading cause of preventable death among student athletes. While causes and preventative measures for EHI are known, school districts may not be implementing evidence-based practices. This descriptive, exploratory study explored school policies, resources, and practices of coaches in a mid-Atlantic state in the prevention and identification of EHI; 397 responded. Ninety-three percent knew of EHI, but only 52% scheduled acclimatization. Coaches reporting a heat emergency plan (56%) were significantly more likely to follow other evidence-based recommendations: altering equipment ( p < .0001, odds ratio [ OR] = 2.53), monitoring environment ( p < .0001, OR = 2.56), providing acclimatization ( p < .0001, OR = 2.50), having athletic trainers at practices ( p < .0001, OR = 4.75), and believed that they could handle the emergency until EMS arrival ( p < .001, OR = 2.48). School districts should comply with evidence-based guidelines. School nurses play a key role in education, developing emergency plans and training coaches in first aid.