1. Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
3. Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4. Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
5. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK