Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Cancers Among Hispanic Males in the United States: Late-Stage Diagnosis by Country of Origin

Abstract

Introduction The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers has changed since the development of the multivalent vaccine. This is evidenced by the decline in incidence of cervical cancers in the post-vaccine era. By contrast, studies have reported the rise in incidence of these cancers in males. Though little is known regarding HPV-associated cancers in males, Hispanic males have been largely excluded from research on these cancers. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in late-stage diagnosis of HPV-associated cancers (oropharyngeal, anorectal, or penile) among subgroups of Hispanic males in the U.S. Methods We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using the 2005–2016 North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Cancer in North America Deluxe data file (n = 9242). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used in studying late-stage diagnosis. Results There were no differences in late-stage diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer between Hispanic subgroups. Higher odds of late-stage penile cancers were observed among Mexican and Puerto Rican males relative to European Spanish males. Lower odds of late-stage anorectal cancers were observed among Central or South American and Puerto Rican males. Having Medicaid or no insurance were associated with late-stage diagnosis for all cancers. Conclusion Certain subgroups of Hispanic males have higher odds of late-stage HPV-associated cancer diagnosis based on country of origin and insurance status. These findings call for improved efforts to increase HPV vaccination, particularly among these subgroups of Hispanic males. Efforts to improve health care access and early detection from health care providers are also needed.