Validity and Reliability of the Dying Care Process and Outcome Scales Before and After Death From the Bereaved Family Members’ Perspective

Author:

Kanno Yusuke12ORCID,Sato Kazuki13,Shimizu Megumi14ORCID,Funamizu Yuko5,Andoh Hideaki6,Kishino Megumi78,Senaga Tomomi9,Takahashi Tetsu1011,Miyashita Mitsunori1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Palliative Nursing, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan

2. Division of Psycho-Oncology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan

3. Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan

4. Clinical Research, Innovation, and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan

5. Department of Palliative Care Team, Nakadori General Hospital, Akita, Japan

6. Department of Clinical Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Science, Akita, Japan

7. Department of Palliative Care Unit, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

8. Department of Nursing/Palliative Care Team, Kobe University Hospital, Hyogo, Japan

9. Department of Palliative Care Unit, Adventist Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan

10. Department of Surgery, Koga General Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan

11. Yusho-Kai Home Medical Care Clinic, Kita-Senju, Japan

Abstract

Objective: There are no instruments evaluating the processes and outcomes of dying care right before and after death. Therefore, we developed and examined the validity and reliability of 2 scales for evaluating dying care processes and outcomes before and after death. Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous questionnaire was administered to bereaved family members of patients with cancer who had died in 5 facilities. We evaluated the Dying Care Process Scale for Bereaved Family Members (DPS-B) and the Dying Care Outcome Scale for Bereaved Family Members (DOS-B) with 345 bereaved family members. Results: A factor analysis revealed that DPS-B and DOS-B each consisted of 4 subscales. For the DPS-B, they were “symptom management,” “respect for the patient’s dignity before and after death,” “explanation to the family,” and “family care.” For the DOS-B, they were “peaceful dying process for the patient,” “being respected as a person before and after death,” “good relationship between the patient and family,” and “peaceful dying process for the family.” Both DPS-B and DOS-B had sufficient convergent and discriminative validity, sufficient internal consistency (DPS-B: α = 0.91 and subscales’ αs = 0.78-0.91; DOS-B: α = 0.91 and subscales’ αs = 0.78-0.94), and sufficient test–retest reliability (DPS-B: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] of total score = 0.79 and subscales = 0.55-0.79; DOS-B: ICC of total score = 0.88 and subscales = 0.70-0.88). Significance of Results: Both DPS-B and DOS-B are valid and reliable scales for evaluating the dying care processes and outcomes before and after death from the bereaved family members’ perspectives.

Funder

The YASUDA Medical Foundation Grant

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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