Dorsal fracture-dislocation of the radiocarpal joint: a new classification and implications in surgical treatment

Abstract

Dorsal dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the radiocarpal joint are a spectrum of pathology involving both the bony and ligamentous structures that stabilize the radiocarpal joint. We retrospectively reviewed 63 dorsal radiocarpal dislocations treated in our Institute in order to propose a new classification and define surgical treatment. Preoperative CT-scan findings together with clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded. We identified four main types of lesions: Type I, pure dorsal radiocarpal dislocation; Type IIA, dorsal wall impaction and radial styloid avulsion; Type IIB, as IIA with additional intra-articular die punch; Type III, volar and dorsal marginal fragments; Type IV, larger volar and dorsal fragments. For each type of lesion, we propose specific options for treatment that are progressively more invasive. We believe that this classification adequately addresses the whole spectrum of bony and soft tissue injuries that occurs in dorsal radiocarpal fracture-dislocations giving a practical guide for surgical treatment. Level of evidence: IV