The Effect of Peer Support on Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of peer support (mother-to-mother) on depressive symptomatology among mothers identified as high-risk for postpartum depression (PPD). Method: Forty-two mothers in British Columbia were identified as high-risk for PPD according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and randomly assigned to either a control group (that is, to standard community postpartum care) or an experimental group. The experimental group received standard care plus telephone-based peer support, initiated within 48 to 72 hours of randomization, from a mother who previously experienced PPD and attended a 4-hour training session. Research assistants blind to group allocation conducted follow-up assessments on diverse outcomes, including depressive symptomatology, at 4 and 8 weeks postrandomization. Results: Significant group differences were found in probable major depressive symptomatology (EPDS > 12) at the 4-week (χ2 = 5.18, df = 1; P = 0.02) and 8-week (χ2 = 6.37, df = 1; P = 0.01) assessments. Specifically, at the 4-week assessment 40.9% ( n = 9) of mothers in the control group scored > 12 on the EPDS, compared with only 10% ( n = 2) in the experimental group. Similar findings were found at the 8-week assessment, when 52.4% ( n = 11) of mothers in the control group scored > 12 on the EPDS, compared with 15% ( n = 3) of mothers in the experimental group. Of the 16 mothers in the experimental group who evaluated the intervention, 87.5% were satisfied with their peer-support experience. Conclusions: Telephone-based peer support may effectively decrease depressive symptomatology among new mothers. The high maternal satisfaction with, and acceptance of, the intervention suggests that a larger trial is feasible.