Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) from 1995 to 2017 in the older Norwegian population by sex and education: The HUNT Study

Author:

Storeng Siri H.12ORCID,Øverland Simon34,Skirbekk Vegard5678,Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter9,Sund Erik R.101112ORCID,Krokstad Steinar1012,Strand Bjørn H.2813

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

2. Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway

3. Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway

4. Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway

5. Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway

6. Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, US

7. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway

8. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway

9. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway

10. HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

11. Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway

12. Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Norway

13. Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway

Abstract

Aim: Understanding whether increasing Life Expectancy (LE) translates to improved health and function among older adults is essential, but results are inconclusive. We aimed to estimate trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) in the older Norwegian population by sex and education from 1995 to 2017. Method: National life table data were combined with cross-sectional data on functional ability for 70+ year-olds from the population-based Trøndelag Health Surveys 2-4 (1995–1997, 2006–2008 and 2017–2019) ( n=24,733). Self-reported functional ability was assessed on a graded scale by a combination of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) such as paying bills, going out or shopping (mild disability) and Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL) such as washing, dressing or eating (severe disability). LE, DFLE, Mild-Disability LE and Severe-Disability LE at age 70 were estimated by the Sullivan method. Results: From 1995 to 2017 DFLE at age 70 increased from 8.4 to 13.0 years in women, and from 8.0 to 12.1 years in men. DFLE increased in the basic and high educational groups, but more so in the high educational group among men. Educational inequalities in years spent with disability however, remained low. Conclusions: From the mid-1990s and over the past three decades both LE and DFLE at 70 years increased in the older Norwegian population, for both men and women, and across basic and high educational levels. Educational inequalities in DFLE increased, especially in men, but years spent with disability were similar across the three decades.

Funder

Norwegian Directorate of Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Medicine

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