Crime prevention, urban space and social exclusion

Abstract

This paper provides an evaluation of 'environmental crime prevention' from the point of view of the social impact of such approaches. The basic contention of the paper is that an understanding of the processes of inclusion and exclusion are, or should be, central to any plan which attempts to modify the environment in order to reduce or prevent crime. After a brief review of the general literature dealing with social space and the urban environment, the paper provides an extended discussion of the nature of environmental criminology, the relationship between crime prevention and social exclusion, and critical issues relating to the development of a more participatory and inclusive crime prevention strategy. The key message of the paper is that the benefits of 'environmental crime prevention' cannot be assumed. Planning decisions, allocation of community resources, the social construction of urban space, types of local government intervention and specific methods used by police all impact upon the nature and effects of prevention. Ultimately, for 'crime' to be addressed in a meaningful and lasting manner it is necessary to go beyond episodic social initiatives and approaches which focus predominantly on reducing physical opportunities and improving techniques of control, to implement strategies which see crime and public safety as stemming first and foremost from social relationships in the community.