Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

Author:

Kaye Sharlene1,Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni2,van de Glind Geurt34,Levin Frances R.5,Faraone Stephen V.6,Allsop Steve7,Degenhardt Louisa18,Moggi Franz910,Barta Csaba11,Konstenius Maija12,Franck Johan12,Skutle Arvid13,Bu Eli-Torild13,Koeter Maarten W. J.4,Demetrovics Zsolt14,Kapitány-Fövény Máté1415,Schoevers Robert A.16,van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen Katelijne417,Carpentier Pieter-Jan18,Dom Geert1920,Verspreet Sofie1920,Crunelle Cleo L.4,Young Jesse T.7821,Carruthers Susan7,Cassar Joanne1,Fatséas Melina22,Auriacombe Marc22,Johnson Brian6,Dunn Matthew23,Slobodin Ortal24,van den Brink Wim4

Affiliation:

1. University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

2. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain

3. ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

4. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

5. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

6. Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

7. Curtin University, Perth, Australia

8. University of Melbourne, Australia

9. University of Bern, Switzerland

10. University of Fribourg, Switzerland

11. Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

12. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

13. Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway

14. Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

15. Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary

16. University of Groningen, The Netherlands

17. Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

18. Reinier van Arkel groep,’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

19. University of Antwerp, Belgium

20. Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium

21. The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

22. Université de Bordeaux, France

23. Deakin University, Geelong, Australia

24. University of Haifa, Israel

Abstract

Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Clinical Psychology,Developmental and Educational Psychology

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