Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium

Author:

Campbell Linda12,Tan Rayner K. J.345ORCID,Uhlich Maximiliane6,Francis Joel M.7ORCID,Mark Kristen8,Miall Naomi9ORCID,Eleuteri Stefano10,Gabster Amanda111213,Shamu Simukai1415,Plášilová Leona1617,Kemigisha Elizabeth18,Olumide Adesola19,Kosana Priya20,Hurtado-Murillo Felipe21,Larsson Elin C.22,Cleeve Amanda2223,Calvo González Soraya24,Perrotta Gabriela25ORCID,Fernández Albamonte Victoria25,Blanco Lucía25,Schröder Johanna26,Adebayo Adedamola27,Hendriks Jacqueline28,Saltis Hanna28,Marks Michael92930,Wu Dan9ORCID,Morroni Chelsea3132,Esho Tammary33,Briken Peer26,Hlatshwako Takhona Grace20,Ryan Rebecca32,Farid Nik Daliana Nik34,Gomez Bravo Raquel35,Van de Velde Sarah1,Tucker Joseph D920,

Affiliation:

1. Center for Population, Family, and Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium

2. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium

3. Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

4. University of North Carolina Project, Guangzhou, China

5. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore

6. Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland

7. Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

8. Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

9. Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

10. Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

11. Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama

12. National Research System, National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation, Panama City, Panama

13. Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

14. Health Systems Strengthening Division, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa

15. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

16. Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

17. Laboratory of Evolutionary Sexology and Psychopathology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic

18. Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda

19. Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

20. Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

21. Center for Sexual and Reproductive Health, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

22. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Global Health and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden

23. South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

24. Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

25. Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

26. Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

27. Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

28. Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

29. Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, UK

30. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK

31. Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

32. Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana

33. Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya

34. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

35. Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Applied Psychology,Clinical Psychology

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