Predictors of first hospitalization due to disease activity and infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Abstract

Objectives To identify the predictive factors of first hospitalization and associated variables to the main causes of hospitalizations in lupus patients from a Latin American cohort. Methods The first hospitalization after entry into the cohort during these patients’ follow-up due to either lupus disease activity and/or infection was examined. Clinical and therapeutic variables were those occurring prior to the first hospitalization. Descriptive statistical tests, multivariable logistic, and Cox regression models were performed. Results 1341 individuals were included in this analysis; 1200 (89.5%) were women. Their median and interquartile range (IQR) age at diagnosis were 27 (20–37) years and their median and IQR follow up time were 27.5 (4.7–62.2) months. A total of 456 (34.0%) patients were hospitalized; 344 (75.4%), 85 (18.6%) and 27 (5.9%) for disease activity, infections, or both, respectively. The predictors of the first hospitalization regardless of its cause were: medium (HR 2.03(1.27–3.24); p = 0.0028) and low (HR 2.42(1.55–3.79); p < 0.0001) socioeconomic status, serosal (HR 1.32(1.07–1.62); p = 0.0074) and renal (HR 1.50(1.23–1.82); p < 0.0001) involvement. Antimalarial (AM) use (HR 0.61(0.50–0.74); p < 0.0001) and achieving remission (HR 0.80(0.65–0.97); p = 0.0300) were negative predictors. Conclusions The first hospitalization was associated with worse socioeconomic status and serosal and renal involvement. Conversely, AM use and achieving remission were associated with a lower risk of hospitalizations.