Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Joystick-Guided Robotic Scope Holder Compared to That of Human Scopists: A Prospective Trial

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to compare motions of the laparoscope tip during a laparoscopic task in a training box using a recent joystick-guided robotic scope holder to those manipulated by human scopists. We hypothesized that laparoscopic manipulation could be positively affected by robotic scope holders due to the elimination of unintentional movement. Methods Twelve surgeons participated as operators, and eight medical doctors participated in this study. Among the human scopists, five were trained surgeons and three were novices who had no experience with laparoscopic surgery. A validated laparoscopic task was used to evaluate the path length of the laparoscope tip using an optical position tracker and operative time. The operators performed the designated camera task under three different laparoscopic manipulations: using a joystick-guided robotic scope holder, expert human scopists, and novice scopists. Results The median path lengths (cm) of the laparoscopic tip were 94.0, 110.0, and 122.2 in the robotic scope holder, expert, and novice groups, respectively. The path lengths in the robotic scope holder group were significantly shorter than those in the other groups (P < .01). The median operative times (seconds) were 136.6, 66.4, and 62.3 in the robotic scope holder, expert, and novice groups, respectively. The operative time of the robotic scope holder group was significantly longer than that of the other groups (P < .001). Conclusion A robotic scope holder can provide shorter camera movement owing to the stable holding and intentional scope manipulation by the operator, although it requires a longer operative time than a human assistant.