Thyroid Eye Disease

Abstract

Introduction Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves opthalmopathy is the most common orbital disease and affects 25–50% of patients with Graves' disease (Kuryan et al 2008). Most patients are only mildly affected, suffering ocular irritation with redness and watering, ‘staring eyes' due to retraction of the eyelids, exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) and periorbital swelling (Figure 1). A minority of patients (around 28%) will develop ocular motility problems, leading to diplopia (double vision), exposure/damage to the cornea and optic neuropathy (Kumar & Clarke 2002, Forbes & Jackson 2003, Meyer 2006).