Comparative Study of Alkaloid Pattern of Four Bulgarian Fumaria Species

Abstract

The alkaloid pattern of four Fumaria species ( Fumaria kralikii, Fumaria rostellata, Fumaria schleicherii, Fumaria thuretii) growing in Bulgaria was investigated by GC-MS and twenty isoquinoline alkaloids were determined. Phytochemical investigation of the alkaloid composition on Fumaria thuretii Boiss was made for the first time. The alkaloid profile of the species was compared at two levels, between different species and within two species from different habitats. Two chemotypical groups, based on the types of isoquinoline alkaloids were suggested. To group A belong species F. kralikii, F. rostellata (F. r. 1) and F. thuretii containing more than 50% spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of the crude alkaloid mixtures. To group B belong species F. rostellata (F. r. 2) and F. schleicherii containing more than 40% protopine alkaloids and relatively high percentage phthaldeisoquinoline alkaloids (11–19%). In group A phthaldeisoquinoline alkaloids were not detected.