Repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures in athletes

Abstract

Ten athletes with distal biceps tendon ruptures that had been anatomically repaired with a double-incision technique were reviewed to determine their functional recovery. All of the patients were men, with an average age of 40 years (range, 25 to 49). Eight of the 10 patients were weight lifters or body builders, and 7 had participated on a competitive level at some point in their athletic careers. Six injured their dominant extremity, and 4 their nondominant extremity. Isokinetic muscle testing of supination and flexion was performed in 8 patients and the results were compared to a control group. Followup averaged 50 months (range, 12 to 105). Patients uniformly graded their subjective results as excellent, with a group mean rating of 9.75 on a 10- point scale. All athletes returned to full, unlimited activ ity. The contour of the biceps muscle was restored in all cases. Isokinetic muscle testing demonstrated that in those patients with a repaired dominant extremity, supination strength and endurance was normal; in flex ion, they had normal strength, but averaged 20% less endurance. Testing of the group that had the nondom inant extremity repaired revealed a supination strength deficit of 25%, but normal endurance. Flexion strength and endurance were essentially normal in this group. Anatomic repair of a distal biceps tendon rupture gives consistently excellent subjective and good objec tive results in athletes, particularly for those sports with high strength demands such as weight lifting and body building. Rehabilitation of the operated arm, especially the repaired nondominant extremity, should be empha sized.